Saturday, February 29, 2020
American Women in World War II
At the beginning of the Second World War, American citizens had a sense of unity. Men choose to enter the forefront off work and family, but women leave home for the first time and inherit the work left by their husbands. In 1943, many magazines chose to draw women's diligence. These articles concentrate their story on working women and make their non-traditional work better. If they make these small and hardworking jobs exciting and noble, they may think that more women will start participating in the work. Prior to World War II, Hispanic women were reluctant to work at home and were more irritated than other American women. During World War II, the widespread change in the role of women as a result of the necessity of family labor affected the role of Spanish women who served as secretary and nurse, Isabel Solis-Thomas and Elvia Solis was born in Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico. The Solis family moved to the United States and moved to Brownsville, Texas. When World War II broke out, the two sisters voluntarily became roses from women of all races across the country, welded the pipes, and repaired the cargo ship. Mrs. Thomas Solis said recruiters wanted to climb a dangerous place on the ship to short skin, short skin women. She stated that he worked 9 hours a day, 6 days a week, beating and sealing the steel bar accurately and intentionally. An American woman of Asian Americans entered the military service for the first time during the Second World War. The Women Army (WAC) recruited fifty Japanese American women and Chinese American women, sent them to the military information service language school in Snellingburg, Minnesota, and received military translation training. In 1943, the Women Army recruited a Chinese-American woman to serve as aerial WAC. Air Force WAC provides various tasks such as interpretation of aerial photography, air traffic control, weather forecast.
Thursday, February 13, 2020
GPS Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
GPS - Term Paper Example The technology is owned by the United States that offers users through navigation, positioning as well as timing services. This system is composed of three segments that are control segment, the space segment and the user segment. The United Sates Air Force maintains, develops as well as operates the space and control segments (Bajaj, Ranaweera, & Agrawal, 2002). This paper presents a detailed overview of global positioning system. This paper will outline the history, advantages and disadvantages of the global positioning system. Initially GPS system was designated the navigation system with timing and ranging (or NAVSTAR) global positioning system. Additionally, US Department of defense initiated this project to offer round-the-clock and all-weather navigation abilities intended for sea, military ground as well as air forces. In addition, with the development of global positioning system it has become an integral asset in several civilian applications as well as industries around the world, comprising recreational utilization (for example aircraft, boating, hiking), business vehicle fleet tracking, as well as surveying. However, the general development of global positioning system was initiated by LORAN and the Decca Navigator developed ultimately in 1940s, as well as employed throughout World War II. Additionally, to attain precision requirements, GPS employs rules and regulations of general relativity to make right the satellites atomic clocks. In addition, by seeing these parallel developments in the GPS technology, in 1960s it was recognized that a superior system could be developed by producing the most excellent technologies from 621B, Timation, Transit and SECOR in a multi-service program. Thus, a meeting of approximately 12 military officers held at the Pentagon in 1973. In which they decided to create a DNSS (defense navigation satellite system). Thus, after one year of that meeting the DNSS
Saturday, February 1, 2020
COMPANY LAW 402 ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
COMPANY LAW 402 - Assignment Example We instituted legal research into this matter with a view of determining the suitability and legality of starting a Picture Framing business in Australia. We believe this goes towards the very crux of your matter. Further, we would like to state that our services can only be of a legal nature on this matter. It is your duty to seek out qualified professionals who will assess the proposed business venture while looking at its location and profitability in order to determine whether it will be a going concern. Due Diligence It would be remise of our duty as consultants if we did not advice you that it is your duty look into the financial and commercial aspects of this business venture. This is because a business wherever it is instituted needs to have a strong financial basis that will see its survival and development. This should be done so as to avoid a situation where you have overlooked the financial aspects of this venture. That would be catastrophic. You should undertake this res earch through professional help. Ownership Before starting on any business, you need to determine whether or not the company structure is right for the particular company, decide what name the company is to assume, its mode of operation, the legal obligations that are assumed by the company, getting the requisite consents and finally registering the company (Commission). As discussed with you a summary of the proposed corporate structure has been prepared. It should be reviewed carefully and approved by your accountant. Australian Law provides for the structuring of any business in four ways. 1. Sole trader: an individual trading on their own 2. Partnership: an association of people or entities carrying on a business together, but not as a company 3. Trust: an entity that holds property or income for the benefit of others 4. Company: a legal entity separate from its shareholders. Sole Trader Looking at the business of a sole trader, one realizes that the same is entered into by one owner. This owner gets the benefit of directly transacting with his clientele thereby creating a trust as between the business and the clientele. The tax obligations related to this business are subject to the personal rates of the business (Government). The only major disadvantage of this enterprise is that the owner is personally liable for the business liabilities of the company. This opens up the owner to lawsuits that are consequent from the company as the company is not a separate legal entity. A sole trader cannot also share the burden of management and costs with any other person (Lawyers). In relation to the Picture Framing business, you both want to be co-owners of the enterprise. This in effect renders this business structure nugatory as far as your proposed enterprise is concerned. Trust The other business enterprise that is provided for in Australia is in the nature of a Trust. A Trust is defined to be a business where the trustee conducts business for the benefit of ce rtain beneficiaries. This in effect means that at all times the trustee can only conduct business that is in the interest of the beneficiaries. The advantages of Trusts are that it minimizes the tax that is levied on the business as the income from the business can be directed at the beneficiary with the lowest income thereby
Thursday, January 23, 2020
The Power of Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles Essay -- Tess of the d
The Power of Tess of the d'Urbervilles à à à à à à à "If an offence come out of the truth, better it is that the offence come than the truth be concealed." Thomas Hardy added these words in the introduction to the fifth edition of this novel (Hardy v). He provided this quote from St. Jerome somewhat defensively, in response to the criticism he received for Tess prior to this edition. à Originally printed in serial form in two magazines, this novel underwent bowdlerization in order to be published. As a requirement of the publisher, Hardy changed scenes such as the baby's baptism, Tess's rape, and Alec's murder. The process of changing the novel angered Hardy, but his financial need of publishing the novel outweighed his negative feelings about doing so. This novel finally became published in its entirety in 1891. This novel caused such a controversy that Donald Hall called this novel "a cause" (417). Considered a radical writer, Hardy included the lower social classes and the plight of women, and he wrote about them in a provoking and defiant manner. Scientists, such as Charles Darwin, and social thinkers, such as John Stuart Mill, affected his thoughts and writings. Writers rarely wrote about these subjects in such a way during Victorian times. à The Victorian times and attitudes victimize Tess, despite the fact that she possesses high morals and standards. The aim of this paper is to show how Hardy illustrates this in many ways. Her family, social, and economic background provide the reader with a perspective of living as a poor woman during the Victorian Era. Another avenue Hardy uses to show the unfairness of life for a poor woman during these times is two men who victimize Tess, Angel Clare and Alec d'Urberv... ... You do Talk!': Some Features of Hardy's Dialogue." New Perspectives on Thomas Hardy. Ed. Charles P. C. Pettit. New York: St. Martin's, 1994. 117-36. Claridge, Laura. "Tess: A Less Than Pure Woman Ambivalently Presented." Texas Studies in Literature and Language 28 (1986): 324-38. Hall, Donald. Afterward. Tess of the d'Urbervilles. By Thomas Hardy. New York: Signet, 1980. 417-27. Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the d'Urbervilles. 1891. New York: Signet Classic, 1980. McMurtry, Jo. Victorian Life and Victorian Fiction. Hamden: Shoe String, 1979. Mickelson, Anne Z. Thomas Hardy's Women and Men: The Defeat of Nature. Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1976. Stubbs, Patricia. Women and Fiction. Sussex: Harvester, 1979. Walvin, James. Victorian Values. Athens: UGA Press, 1987. Weissman, Judith. Half Savage and Hardy and Free. Middletown: Wesleyan UP, 1987. Ã
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Explaining Crime
Causes of crime are arguably criminologyââ¬â¢s most important and largest research topic. In this process of research, criminologists and academics have used numerous theories in attempts to explain how and why people resort to crime (Ellis, Beaver, Wright, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to examine a case study first with the use of strain theories (ST), followed by social learning theory (SLT). The first section will involve a summary of the case of R v Mark Andrew HUGHES (2009) NSWDC 404 involving an outline of the offenderââ¬â¢s personal life, of his crimes, and his punishment handed down by the New South Wales District Court. It is important to outline these facts in order to refer to them and appropriately analyse them. The following section will use strain theories to analyse factors and causes that lead the offender to commit his crimes. Anomie and strain theory will be used here with respect to Mertonââ¬â¢s concept of ââ¬Å"retreatismâ⬠(Merton, in Alder, Laufer, 1995), as well as Agnewââ¬â¢s general strain theory (GST) as it accounts for individual and emotional strain derived from negative relationships (Agnew, 1992). These will be the primary theories used for analysis in this paper as they are most relevant. The final section will involve the application of SLT. Drawing from the case of R v Mark Andrew HUGHES (2009) NSWDC 404, the offender is a forty seven year old man named Mark Andrew Hughes and will be referred to as Mr Hughes for the duration of this paper. Mr Hughes childhood involved a significant degree of negative stimuli. For example, Mr Hughes experienced rejection through the failed relationship of his mother and father at a very young age, resulting in the complete absence of his biological father. Mr Hughes was then subjected to his motherââ¬â¢s new marriage and relationship with a man who was to become his stepfather. This relationship became volatile and involved alcohol abuse and violence, resulting also in separation and divorce. In addition, Mr Hughes was subjected to his motherââ¬â¢s battled with some mental health issues, and problems with the abuse of prescription medicine. Mr Hughes adult relationships somewhat reflect his mothers. He married two times of which both resulted in divorce. Importantly, the first marriage was in 1991 and created three children, of which one tragically died at seven months of age. He is currently is having virtually no contact with the other two who are now teenagers. Mr Hughes notes his second marriage (1996-2005) was extremely important to him, however collapsed due to his relationship with drugs. This marriage created two children whom he has contact with every Sunday, however his current circumstances (in custody) means this is via telephone. Apart from the minimal contact Mr Hughes has with his two sons, he has been cut off from his family. It is also acknowledged that Mr Hughes had been seeing a counsellor however stopped just prior to his crimes due to the effects of his drug addiction at the time. Drugs have been a big part of Mr Hughes life from a young age. He began using cannabis at age twelve, and his first experience with heroin was age fifteen, which resulted in addictions and long periods of residential treatment. It has been reported that in times of personal upheaval, Mr Hughes is incapable of controlling his desire to resort to drugs (substance abuse) in order to escape. In fact, in recent years Mr Hughes drug addiction has involved speed and ice to such an extent that he needed to remain high (drug-affected) in order to avoid the pain of ââ¬Å"coming downâ⬠, which was a daily habit that cost over $400 a day. It could be said that as a result of Mr Hughes early life experiences, gaining an education was a struggle, and has been limited. For instance he finished his schooling half way through secondary education, resulting in several unskilled jobs however, shortly prior to a breakdown in his second marriage, and his criminal conduct, he held a job in a recycling factory for almost fourteen years. It should be noted that the court points out the findings from a well-known clinical forensic psychologist called W John Taylor, who states that based on Mr Hughes history, he felt he had a conduct disorder in his early teenage years, confirms he is clearly battling with drug abuse disorders, and is currently suffering with depression. However he feels that Mr Hughes is genuine in his desire to overcome his addiction with drugs, and with the right support, he has a chance at reforming his behaviour and addictions. This brings us to the second issue to be outlined, that is Mr Hughes crimes. Aside from a charge of break and enter as a child, another charge regarding sexual relations with a juvenile when he himself was a juvenile, and at the age of twenty-two, convictions for false pretences, theft and drug use, Mr Hughes has managed to remain crime free regardless of his drug addictions. Also, until the most recent crimes, Mr Hughes has never served a prison term. Thus in view of these facts, the court regards this as an insignificant criminal record considering Mr Hughes current age. During the months of September to the end of November 2008 Mr Hughes resurfaces with six serious criminal offences, mostly involving break enter and steal of which was from a business, a warehouse, a workshop and two homes. Two of these offences involved criminal acts that incurred separate charges, which were stealing a car from one of the homes he entered, and also damaging property. Importantly one of the six offences was an aggravated break enter and steal from a home as one of the owners (husband) came home and surprised Mr Hughes while he was inside stealing. Mr Hughes responded with aggressive behaviour threatening him with what has been described as wire cutter, eventually forcing the man on a bed and telling him to stay there and he would not harm him. The man warned Mr Hughes that his wife was due home and hoped this would scare Mr Hughes off, however it resulted in Mr Hughes tying up the victimââ¬â¢s hands, and gagging his mouth for a short period of time while he continued to steal and ransack the home. It was mentioned that Mr Hughes did not cause any physical harm, however the crime is regarded as very serious. Finally, the court came to the overall sentence for his crimes of eight years and five months, with a non-parole period of five years and five months. The sentencing process considers a range of factors which will be discussed later. Agnewââ¬â¢s (1992) GST proposes that crime is committed as a result of pressure or strain that is derived from negative relationships and subsequent life experiences or events through those relationships. These relationships include three types of strain that involve situations where a person has taken away something valuable from another, ruined anotherââ¬â¢s opportunities to achieve a valued goal/s, or the infliction of offensive and unwanted stimuli (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). The consequences of being subjected to strains of this nature, is the generation of various negative emotions within the person like depression, fear, anger, frustration, disappointment, and anxiety. Thus, depending on an individualââ¬â¢s characteristics and environment, these negative emotions can lead them to commit crime (Agnew, 2006). The way in which a person responds to this strain and subsequent negative emotion, is to either accept their current situation with a positive outlook, which usually involves the individual having a good support network; or turning to delinquent behaviour and the use of drugs to avoid negative emotions (Agnew, 2006; Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). From this we can already begin to see some of the aspects of GST in the case of Mr Hughes. For example, referring back to Mr Hughes personal details, Agnew would argue that because this manââ¬â¢s troubles started as a child through the loss of a relationship with his biological father, the introduction of a new father who presented negative stimuli and was ââ¬Å"imposed/not wantedâ⬠, and he was unable to remove himself from this situation or relationship due to his age, he was therefore subjected to the effects of emotional strain. In addition to this, the most significant person in his life (mother) was also presenting negative stimuli by self-medicating and engaging in volatile arguments with the stepfather. According to GST, as a child/adolescent, Mr Hughes would have been suffering with feelings like fear, anger, and disappointment, and so taking drugs was his way to directly cope/manage these emotions and interpersonal problems (Agnew, 2006). The fact that Mr Hughes was very young when he began to take drugs, as well as dropping out of school early, and committing some forms of crime, is evidence of the explained process of Agnewââ¬â¢s concepts in GST, and in fact were primarily used to explain delinquency and drug use in adolescents (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010, p. 64). Additionally, before Mr Hughes committed these most recent crimes, he has in many ways re-experienced these issues in his adult relationships. For example, the tragic loss of his first born son, the loss of his contact with his daughters and wife from the first marriage, are all examples of something valuable being removed from his life. This then occurred again in the next marriage, which Mr Hughes had stated w as very important to him, and a very big loss. Social Learning theory can also help to explain this repeated experience of Mr Hughes and will be discussed later. There are two other explanations through the use of strain theory that can help to explain why Mr Hughes lived most of his life crime free, in spite of his drug habit, before committing his most recent crimes. Firstly Agnew developed another concept within GST in the form of ââ¬Å"storylinesâ⬠which operate at a time-based level and can help to draw connections from past events to explain current issues or ââ¬Ësituation cuesââ¬â¢ (see Agnew, 2006b). Using this concept it could be said that Mr Hughes most recent crimes are a result of his desperate need for money to support his sever drug habit that is primarily a result of coping with his emotions that stem back to childhood. The second concept is derived from Mertonââ¬â¢s (1968) idea of anomie, where by societyââ¬â¢s expectations and emphasis is strongly attached to the idea of always striving to achieve monetary success, which is generally proven through the accumulation of things like houses, cars, private schooling and general wealth. However Merton argues that opportunities to achieve this success are not evenly distributed, and it is usually the lower class citizens that struggle to achieve the final goal (Merton, 1968). Never the less, each individual is expected to continue to try for their own self-respect and value (Merton, in Alder, Laufer, 1995). Merton offers four ways in which people may respond to their ability to achieve wealth, or not, through institutionalized means (see Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010, p157). The most relevant of these responses with regard to Mr Hughes would be ââ¬Ëretreatismââ¬â¢. Rendering this concept, aside from long term drug use, the fact that Mr Hughes lead most of his adult life up until this point, as a law abiding citizen, and held his job for fourteen years, attempted to have a family on two occasions, and attended counselling in an attempt to rectify his personal issues and better himself, are all signs that he strived to achieve the expected societal goals and aspirations to the best of his ability within his available means. That is with limited education, no acquired skills, and limited social skills. From this, it would be argued that Mr Hughes has come to the realisation that he has once again lost his battle with drugs, and as a result failed another marriage, losing contact with his children a second time, then losing his long term job, finding himself without any family support of any kind, and thus believing, then accepting that he will never actually achieve anything. In his response to his battle to achieve, he has become a classic ââ¬Å"retreatistâ⬠, as the strain became too much to bear, thus becoming deeply engrossed in his addiction with ice to such an extent that he had to steel to fund his addiction (Merton, 1968). The underlying societal values and importance of accumulating wealth are heard in the various comments of Judge Cogswell in response to Mr Hughes crimes, and in determining sentencing (see R v Mark Andrew HUGHES [2009] NSWDC 404). One example can be seen in this comment: ââ¬Å"Once again, one can imagine the inconvenience and distress which the theft of computer and mobile phones must have had on the managers of that businessâ⬠. These comments are not just due to the loss of the physicality of the objects themselves, but also their use in the business, as they would be an important aspect in facilitating the institutional means of achieving further success. Also in Mr Hughes most serious crime, the comments again refer to the victimââ¬â¢s home being used to commit crime. For instance it was stated ââ¬Å"This must have been an extraordinarily terrifying experience for the clergyman, whose home was used to commit this crime by Mr Hughesâ⬠. This again clearly shows the importance, respect and value placed on achieved goods. These concepts of anomie and strain theory with regard to good societal goals and values are also considered and noted by the court with regard to Mr Hughes himself. For example a considerable amount of time was taken from Mr Hughes time to be served in prison to acknowledge the good in his values that was observed in the way of his remorse for his crimes, and quick pleas of guilt to all of his charges. It was stated ââ¬Å"this has a significant impact on the administration of justice in this Stateâ⬠. And because he had never served time in prison before this could be regarded as special circumstances that enabled the adjustment of the ratio between the non-parole and parole period. However it was surprising that considering how in line a lot of the court responses were with the concepts found in strain theories, that one method in which could be used to help people like Mr Hughes, and that was recommended by the court appointed psychologist mentioned earlier, was later considered as un-important by Judge Cogswell. Mr Taylor had stated that in order for Mr Hughes to have a chance at rebuilding his life, his lack of social and emotional support must be considered, and believed that his program called ââ¬Å"Ex-Inmate Programâ⬠could help with many of his issues. Mr Taylorââ¬â¢s ideas and concerns are in line with methods found in strain theories that would help to reduce the burden of strain (Bournard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010, p169) in the lives of people like Mr Hughes. Social learning Theory (SLT) compliments strain theory but most importantly can help to explain some aspects in this case that strain theory cannot. Firstly it can be argued through SLT that much of Mr Hughes negative behaviour has been learned through observing his mother and stepfatherââ¬â¢s abusive relationship, nd his motherââ¬â¢s negative coping strategies as a result of them (Bandura, 1977). Refer back to the life history and crimes of Mr Hughes, the concept of learned behaviour may explain some of the vandalism and aggressive behaviour to the victim in Mr Hughes crimes that strain theories has not. Specifically, the concept of ââ¬Ëdifferential associationsââ¬â¢ in SLT would suggest that Mr Hughes has gone through an observational process over the course o f his young life that has equipped him with the skills to behave in the way he has (Akers, 1994). That he has been isolated from more pro-social behaviour, and therefore acquired various negative attitudes motives and rationalisations for his actions (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). This can also help to explain the similar relationship behaviour and coping strategies that Mr Hughes had to his mother. Furthermore, Burgess and Akers (1966) developed the concept of differential reinforcement, which argue that individuals engage in behaviour in ways that will positively reward them and that they can identify with from observing others. Thus it can also be argued that Mr Hughes engaged in the type of criminal behaviour that he did to reward himself with goods and money that will fund/ reward him again with drugs, which then rewards him by removing not just his emotional pain, but the painful withdrawal symptoms he acknowledged he suffered at the time of these crimes. To combine both SLT and strain theories, Mr Hughes has in a sense experienced twofold the conditions to lead him to crime and negative coping strategies. For example SLT would argues Mr Hughes observed how to manage negative emotions long before he could fully experience or understand his own, through the observation of his motherââ¬â¢s benefits from self-medicating. Thus when he became overwhelmed with strain from his negative life experiences that are explained in the prior section through strain theories, he already had in place the learned methods/behaviour of relieving his emotional strain, which would be explained by Akers (1985) concept of ââ¬Ëdifferential associationsââ¬â¢. Thus the process of ââ¬Ëretreatingââ¬â¢ discussed previously in ST, became an easier process as he has mimicked or put into action his own interpreted version of coping with the use of drugs. However, unfortunately neither of these theories account for mental health or conduct disorder, both of which Mr Hughes was diagnosed with, and are significantly related to negative home environments, delinquency and substance abuse in adolescent (Linskey, Fergusson, 1995; Hinshaw, Lee, 2003). In conclusion, SLT and ST can help to understand most of the complex issues that lead to the criminal actions of MR Hughes. It is clear that both observing and experiencing negative stimuli has consumed Mr Hughes with various negative emotions that resulted in strain. It is not hard to understand from these theories how and why Mr Hughes became so addicted to drugs and struggled to manage his relationships effectively as a result of these factors. However what is not accounted for in these theories with regard to his behaviour and crimes, are the influences of his diagnosed conduct disorder he had as an adolescent or his current state of depression.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Frederick Thide s Article - 935 Words
Frederick Thideââ¬â¢s article, ââ¬Å"In Search of Limiting Principles: The Eleventh Circuit Invalidates the Individual Mandate in Florida v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,â⬠appearing in the Boston College Law Review claims that Congress will be crippled in its ââ¬Å"future efforts to set social welfare policyâ⬠(Thide 2012, 370) if the Supreme Court affirms the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuitââ¬â¢s holding that ââ¬Å"Congress exceeded its power under the commerce clause and necessary and proper clause by requiring individuals to purchase health insurance as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Actâ⬠(359). In his introduction, Thide (2012) describes the economic conditions of the health insurance market that brought about the need for the Affordable Care Act and presents three main ideas to support his conclusion. As a final point, Thide (2012) warns that rejecting ââ¬Å"the view that Congress is the prima ry arbiter of what is necessary and proper,â⬠(370) under the necessary and proper clause, may ââ¬Å"significantly constrain Congressââ¬â¢s powerâ⬠(359) to develop and implement ââ¬Å"novel regulatory schemes that include the use of economic mandatesâ⬠(371). After ââ¬Å"decades of political wrangling over proposals for universal health careâ⬠(Thide 2012, 359), Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and President Obama signed it into law on March 23, 2010. Thide (2012) calls the act ââ¬Å"Congressââ¬â¢s solution to a complex market failureâ⬠(360).
Monday, December 30, 2019
Natural Science - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 625 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Biology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Patricia Gardner ENG 201 : 8:00 Assignment 1: Natural Science Ocean Inside the Earths mantle The mantle takes up 84 percent of the Earths structure and is composed of my different layers. Knowledge of the upper mantle is that it includes tectonic plates, magnetic pull, heat flow, and gravity studies. A new discovery has been made and scientists have discovered an ocean on the Earths upper mantle near Asia as big as the Arctic ocean. This proof was found as a seismic wave diminishing into the Earths mantle during earthquakes. Researchers estimate that up to 1 percent of the rock sinking down into the Earths mantle, in the part of which is water, works out to be what the Arctic Ocean is worth (Than printout1). Water in the Earths mantle has been known to be very important to the development of the earth due to its tectonic plates. Earthquakes are formed because of these plates shifting. When there is water in the mantle, these waves will become less stressed and thus making this a new discovery of the new ââ¬Å"oceanâ⬠. Seismologist Micheal Wysession discovered this new ocean by analyzing more than 600,000 seismograms. Wysession noticed the waves on the siesmograms began to diminish in one area beneath Asia. Traditionally, seismologists employed a sort of CAT scan by measuring the speed of seismic waves (Anitei printout 1). ââ¬Å"Water slows the speed of the waves a littleâ⬠, Wysession explained. ââ¬Å"Lots of dampening and a little slowing match the predictions for water very wellâ⬠(Than printout 1). Predictions were evaluated stating that a cold slab of the ocean floor could have sank miles into the Earths mantle leaving the hot temperatures of the mantle to evaporate water stored in the rocks. When the water rises it appears to be a solid formation but the composition of rock in the ocean is said to be 15 percent water. This is very accurate, but Wysession points out that it is ââ¬Å"A real back of the envelope type of calc ulationâ⬠(printout 2). Wysession has claimed the new project to be The Beijing anomaly because of the high waves formatting under the capital of China. This is going to be the beginning of a new technology break through towards finding water beneath the surface of the earth much deeper than what submarines or other like items can find. In past years scientists have been interested in the feature called the ââ¬Å"Beijing anomalyâ⬠. The new discovery can make finding areas of water under the earths crust easier compared to the CAT scan like siesmograms used in the past. The availability of these seismograms made this discovery possible for Wysession and the rest of scientists of Washington University. Wysession calls it the Beijing anomaly not only because of the location ,but the scientist claims that ââ¬Å"Water inside the rock goes down with the sinking slab and it is quite cold, but it heats up the deeper it goes, and the rock eventually becomes unstable and lose s its water. The water then rises up into the overlying region, which becomes saturated with waterâ⬠(Anitei printout 1). The water being brought up to the surface is forming huge bodies of water under the ocean. The earth is made up of 70 percent of water. The water is stated to be a lubricant to the Earth making it possible for tectonic plates to be mobile. The plates would collide forming mountains and the water absorbs the energy used to do this action making it very important to the Earths geology. More water is going to develop and be discovered from the ocean floor thus, giving more lubrication to plates shifting. Wysession is going to further develop findings of water beneath the Earths upper mantle, and use the new source of technology to make it easier for many seismologists to follow. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Natural Science" essay for you Create order
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